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IFRS S1及S2可持续性准则—完整参考

一份以引用为基础的 IFRS S1 一般要求及 IFRS S2 气候相关披露地图,面向报告编制人员、分析师及核证团队。

2021年夏天,一位伦敦的投资组合经理坐在两份年度报告前。一份来自德国化工公司,另一份来自日本汽车制造商。两家公司都宣称自己是"可持续发展领导者"。两份报告都制作精美,配有图表、目标和大胆的承诺。但这位经理无法对它们进行比较。德国公司使用一套框架报告,日本公司使用另一套。指标不同,边界不同,时间范围也不同。她合上两份报告,在电子表格中写下"无法比较"。

正是为ISSB成立要解决的问题。达能前首席执行官、ISSB首任主席Emmanuel Faber直言不讳:"投资者一直要求我们提供一种通用语言。不是为每家公司制定单一标准——而是一种让他们能够跨国界、跨行业、跨全球比较公司的通用语言。"答案就是2023年6月发布的IFRS S1和IFRS S2。S1设定了可持续披露的一般规则,S2专注于气候。两者都采用相同的四大支柱结构:治理、战略、风险管理和指标与目标。

这些准则不是可选指南,而是强制性要求。根据 IFRS S1 第26–27段,公司必须识别负责可持续发展监督的治理机构。根据第28–42段,它们必须描述整个价值链中的风险并通过情景分析展示韧性。根据第43–44段,它们必须解释风险流程如何与企业风险管理相连接。根据第45–53段,它们必须披露定量指标和既定目标。IFRS S2增加了气候特定要求:范围一、二、三温室气体排放(第27–36段)、转型计划(第13–15段)和情景分析(第22段)。伦敦的投资组合经理现在有了一种通用语言。问题是企业是否准备好使用它。

简明解读

IFRS S1 and S2 are not optional guidance — they are requirements. S1 sets the general framework: governance (§26–27), strategy (§28–42), risk management (§43–44), metrics and targets (§45–53). S2 adds climate-specific disclosure: Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions (§27–36), transition planning (§13–15), and scenario analysis (§22). Together they create a single global language for sustainability disclosure.

  • 准则将原则转化为流程——治理机构、情景分析、定量指标——但只有当证据锚定到具体 IFRS 条文时,流程才能发挥作用。
  • 每项准则要求都映射到明确的条文引用:IFRS S1 第 26 至 27 段用于治理,IFRS S2 第 27 至 36 段用于气候指标,SASB行业特定主题用于行业指南。
  • 审阅者应能够追踪任何披露——从最终报告语句通过证据层回到授权它的IFRS条文。

技术要求

  • IFRS S1 four-pillar architectureIFRS S1 §26–53: Every sustainability disclosure must be structured across governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics and targets — the same architecture used for financial reporting.
  • IFRS S2 climate-specific requirementsIFRS S2 §27–36: Companies must disclose Scope 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions using the GHG Protocol, with transition plans (§13–15) and scenario analysis (§22).
  • Connected information with financial statementsIFRS S1 §21–24: Sustainability disclosures must be connected to the financial statements — explaining how climate risks affect financial position, performance, and cash flows.
  • Industry-based SASB guidanceIFRS S2: The ISSB codified 77 SASB industry standards into IFRS S2's industry-based guidance — each industry has its own disclosure topics and metrics.

来源

  1. IFRS S1 §17-19Materiality requirements (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S1_General_Requirements_for_Disclosure_of_Sustainability-related_Financial_.pdf)
  2. IFRS S1 §26-27Governance disclosures (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S1_General_Requirements_for_Disclosure_of_Sustainability-related_Financial_.pdf)
  3. IFRS S1 §28-42Strategy disclosures (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S1_General_Requirements_for_Disclosure_of_Sustainability-related_Financial_.pdf)
  4. IFRS S1 §43-44Risk management disclosures (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S1_General_Requirements_for_Disclosure_of_Sustainability-related_Financial_.pdf)
  5. IFRS S1 §45-53Metrics and targets (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S1_General_Requirements_for_Disclosure_of_Sustainability-related_Financial_.pdf)
  6. IFRS S2 §5-7Climate governance (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S2_Climate-related_Disclosures.pdf)
  7. IFRS S2 §8-24Climate strategy (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S2_Climate-related_Disclosures.pdf)
  8. IFRS S2 §25-26Climate risk management (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S2_Climate-related_Disclosures.pdf)
  9. IFRS S2 §27-36Climate metrics and targets (Part_A_Standards/IFRS_S2_Climate-related_Disclosures.pdf)